Showing posts with label car. Show all posts
Showing posts with label car. Show all posts
Sunday, November 16, 2014
Car audio amplifier using TDA2003 IC
Easy low power car audio amplifier circuit on TDA 2003. The circuit is Easy to construct. TDA2003 is an integrated radio amplifier from ST Micro electronics that like short circuit protection for all pins, thermal over low harmonic distortion, low cross over distortion etc. In the circuit given here TDA2003 is wired as a mono amplifier operating from a 12V .
Resistors R2 and R3 forms a feedback network that sets the amplifiers gain. C7 input DC de-coupling capacitor and C5 couples the speaker to the amplifiers output. C4 } for improving the ripple rejection C1 and C2 are employed for power filtering. C3 and R1 are used for setting the frequency cut-off. Network comprising of C6 and R4 for frequency stabilization and oscillation.
Resistors R2 and R3 forms a feedback network that sets the amplifiers gain. C7 input DC de-coupling capacitor and C5 couples the speaker to the amplifiers output. C4 } for improving the ripple rejection C1 and C2 are employed for power filtering. C3 and R1 are used for setting the frequency cut-off. Network comprising of C6 and R4 for frequency stabilization and oscillation.
Notes.
- Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB.
- Heat sinks are necessary for both ICs.
- The circuit can be operated from 12V DC.
- S1 is the ON/OFF switch.
Monday, November 3, 2014
A Car Battery Monitor
A close call on the road can really focus your mind on the importance of having a battery monitor in a car. I had been enjoying a pleasant week of travelling around the countryside at a leisurely pace and taking in the beautiful scenery each day. It wasnt until the final day, with the big rush to return home, that I had to drive at night.My home is deep in the country and on the road I was travelling the closest petrol station may be 80km away. I was travelling through an area that is full of open-cut coal mines and large heavily loaded semi-trailers constantly pound the roads, travelling at quite high speeds. It was around 8pm at night and everything was very dark no street lights or house lights anywhere.
Just as I was going up a hill, the lights began to dim and the engine coughed. A large semi-trailer loomed in the rear-vision mirror as I pushed the clutch in and tried to restart. My speed was falling rapidly and my lights were blacked out - I was like a sitting duck in the middle of the road, as the semi-trailer came rapidly bearing down on me.
I just managed to pull the car off the road, as the semi-trailer came screaming past, missing me by inches! After calling for assistance from the NRMA, the problem was found to be a fault in the alternator, which was failing to charge the battery. The battery voltage had been falling under the heavy load of the lights and at the worst possible time, there was not sufficient power for the lights or the motor.
After the initial shock wore off, I put on my thinking cap to come up with a PIC-based solution to the problem. What was really needed was a display and a buzzer, to get my attention should the voltage fall outside a specified range. So my design criteria was set, a series of LEDs could indicate the voltage and a buzzer would also be used to warn of problems.
Main Features:
- Visual indication of battery voltage
- Audible warning when voltage becomes low
- Screw terminals for easy connection
- Simple and easy to build
Circuit details:
The circuit is based on PIC16F819 18-pin microcontroller which has an analog-to-digital (A/D) input to monitor the battery voltage and outputs capable of driving LEDs directly, to keep the component count down. There are seven LEDs in all, giving a good range of voltage indication. The topmost LED, LED1, comes on for voltages above 14V which will occur when the battery is fully charged. LED2 indicates for voltages between 13.5V and 14V while LED3 indicates between 13V and 13.5V.
Normally, one of these LEDs will be on. LED4 covers 12.5V to 13V while LED5 covers 12V to 12.5V. LED6 covers from 11.5V to 12V while LED7 comes on for voltages below 11.5V. These two LEDs are backed up by the piezo chime which beeps for voltages between 11.5V and 12V and becomes more insistent for voltages below 11.5V.
That might seem fairly conservative. After all, most cars will start with no troubles, even though the battery voltage might be a touch below 12V, wont they? Well, no. Some modern cars will happily crank the motor at voltages below 11V but their engine management will not let the motor start unless the voltage is above 11V.
So dont think that a modern car will always start reliably. This little battery monitor could easily prevent a very inconvenient failure to start! So lets describe the rest of the circuit. The incoming supply is connected via diode D1 which provides protection against reverse polarity while zener diode ZD1 provides protection from spike voltages.
A standard 7805 3-terminal regulator is then used to provide a stable 5V to the microcontroller. The battery voltage is sensed via a voltage divider using 33kΩ and 100kΩ resistors. This brings the voltage down to within the 0-5V range for the A/D input of the PIC16F819. Port B (RB0 to RB7) of the microcontroller is then used to drive the various LEDs, with current limiting provided via the 330Ω resistor network. RB7, pin 13, drives a switching transistor for the piezo buzzer.
Software:
For the software, the design follows the basic template for a PIC microcontroller. Port A and its ADC (analog-to-digital converter) function are set up while port B functions as the output for the LEDs and buzzer. Once the set-up is complete, a reading will be taken at port RA2, the input for the A/D convertor. This reading is then compared with a series of values to determine the range of the voltage. This is similar to a series of "if" statements in Basic language.
If the voltage is found to be within a certain range, the relevant port B pin will be turned on. If the voltage is below 12V, the buzzer will be turned on for a brief period, to signal a low battery condition. As the voltage falls below 11.5V, the frequency of the beeps will increase, to signal increased urgency.
Building it:
All the parts are mounted on a small PC board measuring 46 x 46mm (available from Futurlec). The starting point should be the IC socket for the PIC16F819, as this is easiest to mount while the board is bare. The next item can be the PC terminal block. The resistors and capacitors can then follow. Make sure the electrolytics are inserted with correct polarity.
Make sure that you do not confuse the zener (ZD1) with the diode when you are installing them; the diode is the larger package of the two.
Even more important, dont get the 78L05 3-terminal regulator and the 2N3906 transistor mixed up; they come in identical packages. The 78L05 will be labelled as such while the 2N3906 will be labelled "3906". And make sure you insert them the correct way around. The buzzer must also be installed with the correct polarity. The 330Ω current limiting resistors are all in a 10-pin in-line package. There are four green LEDs, two yellow and one red. They need to be installed in line and with the correct orientation.
Testing:
Before you insert the PIC16F819 microcontroller, do a voltage check. Connect a 12V source and check for the presence of 5V between pins 14 & 5 OF IC1. If 5V is not present, check the polarity of regulator REG1 and the polarity of the diode D1. If these tests are OK, insert the IC and test the unit over a range of voltage between 9V and 15V. Make sure that all LEDs come on in sequence and the piezo buzzer beeps for voltages below 12V.
Now it is matter of installing the unit in your car. It is preferable to install the unit in a visible position for the driver. However, it should not obscure any other instruments. The unit should be connected to the cars 12V supply after the ignition switch. This will turn the unit off with the other instruments and prevent battery drain while the motor is not running.
Sunday, November 2, 2014
4x25W CAR AMPLIFIER TDA7381 ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM
4x25W CAR AMPLIFIER TDA7381 ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM
The extremely reduced components count allows very compact sets. The on-board clipping detector simplifies gain compression operations. The fault diagnostics makes it possible to detect mistakes during Car- Radio assembly and wiring in the car.
Absolute maximum ratings of IC TDA7295 IC
- Operating supply voltage = 18 V
- DC supply voltage = 28 V
- Peak supply voltage (t = 50 ms) = 50 V
- Output peak current Repetitive (duty cycle 10 % at f = 10 Hz) = 3 A
- Output peak current Non repetitive (t = 100 µs) = 4A
- Power dissipation, (Tcase = 70 °C) = 80 W
- Junction temperature = 150 °C
- Storage temperature = -40 to 150 °C
Saturday, September 20, 2014
4 × 40 W BTL quad car radio power amplifier
FEATURES:
Requires very few external components
High output power
Low output offset voltage
Fixed gain
Diagnostic facility (distortion, short-circuit and temperature pre-warning)
Good ripple rejection
Mode select switch (operating, mute and standby)
Load dump protection
Short-circuit safe to ground and to VP and across the load
Low power dissipation in any short-circuit condition
Thermally protected
Reverse polarity safe
Electrostatic discharge protection
No switch-on/switch-off plop
Flexible leads
Low thermal resistance
Pin compatible with the TDA8568Q, except for the gain.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
The TDA8571J is a integrated class-B output amplifier contained in a 23-lead Single-In-Line (SIL) plastic power package. It contains four amplifiers in a BTL configuration, each with a gain of 34 dB. The output power is 4 × 40 W (EIAJ) into a 4 Ω load.
APPLICATIONS:
Primarily developed for car radio applications
Circuit Diagram:
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| 4 × 40 W BTL quad car radio power amplifier |
Tuesday, September 16, 2014
30W bridge car radio amplifier TDA7256
Description of TDA7256:
Features of TDA7256:
PCB and layout for TDA7256:
PCB and layout for TDA7256: Download
The TDA7256 is a class AB fully protected bridge power amplifier designed for car radio application. The high current capability allows to dirve low impedance loads up to 22 Ohm. The differential inputs availability makes it particularly suitable for boosters and active loudspeakers applications
- NO AUDIBLE POP DURING MUTE AND
- STANDBY OPERATIONS
- MUTING TTL COMPATIBLE
- VERY LOW STANDBY CONSUMPTION
- PROGRAMMABLE TURN ON DELAY
- DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
- SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS:
- RL SHORT - OUT TO GROUND - OUT TO VS
- OTHER PROTECTIONS:
- Load dump voltage surge
- LoudspeakerDC current
- Very inductive load
- Overrating temperature
- Open ground
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| 30W bridge car radio amplifier TDA7256 circuit diagram |
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| 30W bridge car radio amplifier TDA7256 pcb |
PCB and layout for TDA7256: Download
Sunday, September 14, 2014
4x7W OR 2x22W CAR RADIO POWER AMPLIFIER
Features:
- HIGH OUTPUT POWER CAPABILITY:
- 4 x 9.5W OR 2 x 32W/4Ω MAX
- 4 x 8.5W OR 2 x 28W/4Ω EIAJ
- 4 x 7W OR 2 x 22W/4Ω @14.4V,1KHz; 10%
- MINIMIZED EXTERNAL COUNT
- - NO NEED OF DECOUPLING CAPACITORS
- - NO NEED OF BOOTSTRAP CAPACITOR
- - NO NEED OF EXTERNAL COMPENSATION
- - INTERNALLY FIXED GAIN (20dB)
- POP-FREE AUDIO SECTION
- ST-BY FUNCTION (C-MOS)
- MUTE FUNCTION (C-MOS)
- CLIP DETECTOR, THERMAL WARNING,
- SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTION
- BUILT-IN VOLTAGE REGULATORS:
- - 5V @ 150mA WITH RESET
- - 5V @ 500mA WITH ST-BY
- - 8.5V @ 200mA WITH ST-BY
Circuit Diagram:
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| TDA7451 2x22 W |
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| TDA7451 4x7W |
Saturday, September 13, 2014
2 x 25 W Power amplifier for car radio TDA7376B
Features
High output power capability:
2 x 40 W max./ 4
2 x 35 W/4 EIAJ
2 x 25 W/4 (14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %)
2 x 25 W/ 2 (14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %)
Differential inputs
Minimum external components count
Internally fixed gain (26 db)
Mute function (cmos compatible)
Automute at minimum supply voltage detection
Standby function
No audible pop during mute and standby operations
Clipping detector with programmable distortion threshold
short circuit (out to ground, out to supply voltage, across the load)
overrating chip temperature with soft thermal limiter
load dump voltage
fortuitous open ground
loudspeaker dc current
ESD
Description
High output power capability:
2 x 40 W max./ 4
2 x 35 W/4 EIAJ
2 x 25 W/4 (14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %)
2 x 25 W/ 2 (14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %)
Differential inputs
Minimum external components count
Internally fixed gain (26 db)
Mute function (cmos compatible)
Automute at minimum supply voltage detection
Standby function
No audible pop during mute and standby operations
Clipping detector with programmable distortion threshold
short circuit (out to ground, out to supply voltage, across the load)
overrating chip temperature with soft thermal limiter
load dump voltage
fortuitous open ground
loudspeaker dc current
ESD
Description
The TDA7376B is a new technology dual bridge audio amplifier in Multiwatt 15 package designed for car radio applications. Thanks to the fully complementary PNP/NPN output stage configuration the TDA7376B delivers a rail-to-rail voltage swing with no need of bootstrap capacitors. Differential input pairs, that will accept either single ended or differential input signals, guarantee high noise immunity making the device suitable for both car radio and car boosters applications.The audio mute control, that attenuates the output signal of the audio amplifiers, suppresses pop On - Off transients and cuts any noises coming from previous stages. The standby control, that de-biases the amplifiers, reduces the cost of the power switch. The on-board programmable distortion detector allows compression facility whenever the amplifier is over driven, so limiting the distortion at any levels inside the presettable range.
Circuit diagram:
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| 2 x 35 W Power amplifier for car radio |
PCB layout
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| pcb layout for TDA7376B Power amplifier for car radio |
Thursday, September 11, 2014
Car Amplifier Care Tips
Car Amplifier Care Tips
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Amplifier that work as one of the pillars of car audio does have ipandang performance that can not be underestimated. so we need to know a few things to keep our car amplifiers are not easily damaged. The following tips for creating a durable amplifier.
1. To install an amplifier on the audio systems in vehicles to avoid amplifier from moisture, the way while avoiding the base of potential placement into water vapor. so do not get into the inside of the amplifier resulting in damage to the components inside.
2. There is a good amplifier is used or not stored in a long time alias stored in a warehouse because after all the components within it requires a flow of current in accordance with nature as Conductor supply current to the driver other car audio.
3. Inside the vehicle, an amplifier should also be checked periodically, this is to find out the connection cable attached to the amplifier, amplifier kondiso also working actively to your car audio system.
Saturday, September 6, 2014
2 x 40 W car radio power amplifier
FEATURES
Low dissipation due to switching from Single-Ended (SE) to Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) mode
Differential inputs with high Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
Mute, standby or operating mode selectable by pin
Load dump protection circuit
Short-circuit safe to ground; to supply voltage and across load
Loudspeaker protection circuit
Thermal protection at high junction temperature
Device switches to single-ended operation at high junction temperature
Clip detection at 2.5 % THD
Diagnostic signal indicating clipping, short-circuit protection and pre-warning of thermal protection.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TDA1565TH is a monolithic power amplifier in a 20-lead heatsink small outline plastic package. It contains two identical 40 W amplifiers. Power dissipation is minimized by switching from SE to BTL mode only when a higher output voltage swing is needed. The device is developed primarily for car radio applications.
Circuit Diagram:
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| Circuit diagram 2 x 40 W car radio power amplifier |
PCB layout:
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| PCB layout TDA1564 2 x 40 W car radio power amplifier |
Sunday, August 31, 2014
TDA1552Q 2 x 22 W BTL stereo car radio power amplifier
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TDA1552Q is an integrated class-B output amplifier in a 13-lead single-in-line (SIL) plastic power package. The circuit contains 2 x 22 W amplifiers in Bridge Tied Load (BTL) configuration. The device is primarily developed for car radio applications.
Features
- Requires very few external components
- High output power
- Low offset voltage at outputs
- Fixed gain
- Good ripple rejection
- Mute/stand-by switch
- Load dump protection
- AC and DC short-circuit-safe to ground and VP
- Thermally protected
- Reverse polarity safe
- Capability to handle high energy on outputs (VP = 0 V)
- Protected against electrostatic discharge
- No switch-on/switch-off plop
- Low thermal resistance
- Flexible leads.
Circuit diagram:
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| Circuit diagram for TDA1552Q 2 x 22 W BTL stereo car radio power amplifier |
Tuesday, August 26, 2014
A advantage sports car Sound classification is a Requirement not a Luxury
How accomplish you decide which sedan sound system is most excellent on behalf of you? This is a question to facilitate many consumers ask wearing the U. S. every and all sunlight hours. The reality is that just you can decide come again? kind of sound you catch enjoyable and what you are seeking in the sound structure you pray ultimately hold. A good sound system will greatly look up how you feel just about not merely the vehicle you drive but moreover your disposition afterward your on a daily basis exchange. It might seem like such a slight mechanism, the changing of a sound classification, but it does seem to contain such a profound collision on how we start our days. Of classes we all know with the aim of getting your generation sour to a benefit start sets the tone in favor of the whole day and if that day is Monday it sets the tone for not just the generation yet to be but plus the week to happen.
Tune affects almost all aspect of our lives. the majority of us resolve not realize the crash with the intention of melody has on our time-to-day lives and it is quite hard as our humanity seems to remain overflowing with it. It is much easier however, to explain the difference a good sound arrangement makes. Its funny, I discover myself taking part in a hurry through to step unacceptable of supplies so as to take lousy sound systems and speakers that seep out small other than static while I can store pro hours in a stock with the intention of has refined melody singing in the background above a high-quality sound approach. I favor the volume drop and the melody in concert in the background pretty than being the concentrate of my attention.
Generally of us acquire so as to soft song singing at home the background is rather low profile and allows us to become along with our belief and the mission by give while loud tune piercing larger than very old speakers does a lofty deal to disrupt our notions processes which want simply achieve to send off us along to the subsequently chore on our make a list. If youll notice it seems to facilitate clerks inside the provisions everyplace the loud harmony blares along are often not such as even tempered as individuals in food to recreation song by the side of polite volumes and obtain very well set aside sound systems. I think I would remain ratty too subsequent to listening to melody in a way to music wasnt destined to be heard.
Im not a harmony snob by in the least revenue; I simply benefit from listening to melody designed for the sake of in point of fact investigation the tune. Loud music is fine every so often but not once I have other things on my mind. I have a preference with the purpose of song keep on featuring in the background as soon as Im running on the subject of taking worry of errands, even in the car. The token of a good sedan sound logic is to it sounds good even on low volumes. This agency you can have song in the background, hum along, or else simply ignore the song in approve of the clash taking place on the road.
The intention Im tiresome to produce is to even though you could not realize the influence that a good sports car sound scheme has on harmony right now, you desire undeniably feel the difference it makes above occasion. The better the sound system, the better the sound and harmony is taking into account all, sound.
If you are a devoted lover of melody and squander a celebrated deal of your week otherwise even every certain daylight hours concerning your vehicle, doesnt it make meaning to invest closely in your car sound practice? I know in favor of me with the aim of fussy decision is a nix brainer. I fondness harmony and it is an valuable part of not barely my life but as well the lives of my children. for instance a conclusion we splurge a allotment of clock listening to the data lines arrived our SUV and singing along. Even once we arent listening to melody, I have listening colloquy broadcasting and the news on NPR. These things are an essential part of my era and I really have all to both and all single adds to my life. since of that, I achieve my investment in a useful sedan sound classification to come to pass a requirement relatively than a luxury.
Monday, August 25, 2014
Car Burglar Alarm Circuit
This is a burglar alarm for cars.If some one opened the car door.The alarm will activate.Normally this schema provides 5 second to open the door and close it but If somebody opened it more than that the alarm will activate.To turn the schema on S1 should be closed.If you want to open the door more than 5 seconds.You can deactivate the alarm by using S2.Exit delay time can be adjusted by using R1 and C1.
Note
# This schema operates with 9v power supply
# Be careful when you work with high amp batteries
Sunday, August 24, 2014
Radio Control for toy car
Radio Control for toy car
Play toy cars controlled by radio signals is an interesting game. The much-loved toy cars children, plus a simple circuit would be ideal for toy cars. This series of families use traditional digital CMOS IC which requires a very small electric current, so it does not impose on the performance of the original toy cars.
In this system, radio signals emitted not continuously but only generated when the controller sends a command left / right or forward / backward, and even then only a radio frequency of an intermittent, so it is sending pulses of radio wave frequency.
Number of pulses sent represents a command is sent, the command GO is represented by 8 pulses, represented by 16 pulses LEFT, RIGHT DOWN 32 pulses and 64 pulses. Command sent to a combination of two orders once gus, which is a combination of command forward / backward and right / left, for example, could be sent forward command and left once gus, in this case the number of pulses sent is 24, which is the sum of the forward command command as much as 8 pulses and left as many as 16 pulses.
Once a command is sent, the system stops sending commands in a certain time lag, the lag time it takes the receiver circuit will have sufficient time to execute properly. Frequency pulses were visible on the right side of Figure 1.
How it works The transmitter
Radio signals generated by the oscillator circuit formed by transistors Q1 9016, the working frequency of the oscillator is determined by the crystal Y1 is worth 27.145 MHz. A very critical part of this oscillator circuit is T1, L1 and L2, which specifically dealt with separately at the end of this article.
Work of the oscillator is controlled by a NOR gate U2D 14001, while the output gate (pin 3) is worth 1 , the oscillator will work and transmit radio frequency 27.145 MHz, and at the output U2D value 0 the oscillator will stop working.
U2D NOR gate receives the clock signal from the NOR gates U2B. NOR gate CMOS type with the help of resistors R4 and R5 and capacitor C8 to form a low frequency oscillator circuit to control the clock shaper of existing digital circuits. Working from the clock generator is controlled via the input leg 6, the circuit will generate the input clock that is berlevel 0 .
NOR gate U2A and U2C form a latch circuit (RS Flip Flop), due to the influence of resistor R2 and capacitor C11 which is fed to pin 9 on U2C, when the circuit gets power supply output U2C must be 1 and U2A output (pin 3) to 0 . This situation resulted EUIS clock generator generating a clock U2B work and release the reset state of the enumerator 14 024 IC (U1), so that the U1 start chopping and 27.145 MHz oscillator circuit to send pulses of the clock generator frequency during work.
At the start chopping, all the output IC 14 024 enumerators in kedaan 0 , after chopping the 8 pulse output Q4 (pin 6) will be 1, after chopping 16 Q5 pulse output (pin 5) to 1 , after chopping 32 Q6 output pulse (pin 4) to 1 , after 64 counts pulses output Q7 (pin 3) to 1.
Outputs are used to control the voltage above 9 feet U2C through diode D1 and D2, as long as it remains one of the output value 0 then the plant U2B clock still works, it will continue until dankatode D2 D1 cathode to 1 so that the foot 9 U2C a 1 as well. This situation will lead to 3 feet U2A output to 1 , which stops the clock generator and reset U2B enumerator 14 024 danberhenti is sending pulses of frequency 27 145 MHz.
To generate the lag time for the receiver circuits have enough time to perform the command, used a series of 9014 Q2, the resistor R7 and capacitor C10. The magnitude of the delay time is determined by the value of R7 and C10. The switch to send the command forward / backward and to send the command left / right are two separate switches. Each switch has three positions, the center position means that the scalar does not send commands.
How It Works Recipients
Figure 2 is a recipient of a series of paired images dimobil toy, serves to receive signals from the transmitter to control the motor cars, so cars can move forward / backward and left / right. Transistor Q1 with the help of resistors; capacitors and T1 form as a series of 27.145 MHz radio signal receiver. T1 in series with a T1 is exactly the same used in the transmitter circuit, how to make it are discussed below.
Transistor Q2 perlangkapannya formed following a series of pulses to change the radio frequency received from the transmitter into the box pulses that can be accepted as a digital signal by the CMOS IC. Digital signal will be received as the clock had to be chopped by enumerator 14 024 IC (U2). Output of 14 024 would correspond to the number of pulses sent by the transmitter, forward command and left (which is used as an example in the discussion of the transmitter) is the pulse number of 24, the enumeration of these pulses resulted in 14 024 to be output Q4 = 1 , Q5 = 1, Q6 = 0 and Q7 = 0.
The received digital signal other than U2 used as counter clock IC 14 024 discussed above, is also used to move the 3 pieces of the time delay circuit to generate pulses which controls the sequence of work.
The first control pulse will appear after submission frequency pulse stopped because the lag time between sending the code, this pulse count function to record the results of 14 024 to 14 042 U3 (D Flip Flop), so that the final condition of 14 024 will be retained to control the motor. After the results were recorded for 14 024 14 042, 14 042 counter is reset by the second pulse, so that after the lag time counter counts up starting from 14 042 to 0 again.
Circuit formed by transistors Q3, Q4, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 H Bridge is named as a series, this series is very powerful to drive the DC motor. With this circuit the DC motor can be rotated to the right-to-left or stop motion. The main requirement is the use of this circuit Q7 and the base voltage of Q10 base voltage must be opposed, for example, the base Q7 = 1 and the base of Q10 = 0 motor rotates to the left, the base of Q7 = 0 and the base of Q10 = 1 motor will turning to the right, the base Q7 = 0 and Q10 base = 0 motor stop motion, but should not be happening base Q7 = 1 and the base Q10 = 1.
Similarly, Q5, Q6, Q11, Q12, Q13 and Q14 form an H Bridge. H Bridge to the left in Figure 2 is used to control a motor that regulates the movement of cars left / right, while the H Bridge to the right is used to control a motor that regulates the movement forward / backward cars.
The relationship between outpur enumerator 14 042 and input D Flip Flop 14 024 is arranged such that the signal is fed to each of the H Bridge can not be all 1 simultaneously.
Manufacture of transformer TX and RX
Transformer T1 in the series transmitter and receiver, is the same stuff, and have made themselves. Transformer was built using a plastic transformer Koker (spare part radio) that has a step that appears 5 lines that can be filled with coils of wire, as shown in the photograph. Wearing this Koker facilitate wire transformer windings. Otherwise it could be similar Koker, just the usual wear. Koker is a small transformer and feritnya also small (3 mm) as that used to be used for the assembly of CB 27 MHz radio.
Can wear a wire to wire the transformer in the unloading of Koker, carefully open coil of wire that already exist in the Koker because the wire is quite smooth and quite easy to break.
Step 1: rolls of wire which is numbered 5 feet to 4 feet in the direction of h (CW) for 3 rolls right on level 1 (pathway level above the bottom line)
Step 2: Roll the wire from 1 foot to 2 feet in a clockwise direction as much as 4 rolls right on level 2.
Step 3: Continue the roll (from step 2) in a clockwise direction as much as three quarter roll to 3 feet on three levels. (Can be determined exactly a quarter of the roll, because it has a track kokernya split into 4).
Manufacture of coil L1
Roll of copper wire diameter from 0.3 to 0.5 mm by 10 quarter rolls on Koker diameter of about 4 mm (which will be released) is also in a clockwise direction.
Manufacture of coil L2
Roll of copper wire 0.1 mm diameter by 50 rolls in plastic Koker without ferrite diameter of about 3.5 - 4 mm (look for the plastic material from scrap) is also in a clockwise direction. Long section on liputi rolls along the 5 mm.
Transformer T1 in the series transmitter and receiver, is the same stuff, and have made themselves. Transformer was built using a plastic transformer Koker (spare part radio) that has a step that appears 5 lines that can be filled with coils of wire, as shown in the photograph. Wearing this Koker facilitate wire transformer windings. Otherwise it could be similar Koker, just the usual wear. Koker is a small transformer and feritnya also small (3 mm) as that used to be used for the assembly of CB 27 MHz radio.
Can wear a wire to wire the transformer in the unloading of Koker, carefully open coil of wire that already exist in the Koker because the wire is quite smooth and quite easy to break.
Step 1: rolls of wire which is numbered 5 feet to 4 feet in the direction of h (CW) for 3 rolls right on level 1 (pathway level above the bottom line)
Step 2: Roll the wire from 1 foot to 2 feet in a clockwise direction as much as 4 rolls right on level 2.
Step 3: Continue the roll (from step 2) in a clockwise direction as much as three quarter roll to 3 feet on three levels. (Can be determined exactly a quarter of the roll, because it has a track kokernya split into 4).
Manufacture of coil L1
Roll of copper wire diameter from 0.3 to 0.5 mm by 10 quarter rolls on Koker diameter of about 4 mm (which will be released) is also in a clockwise direction.
Manufacture of coil L2
Roll of copper wire 0.1 mm diameter by 50 rolls in plastic Koker without ferrite diameter of about 3.5 - 4 mm (look for the plastic material from scrap) is also in a clockwise direction. Long section on liputi rolls along the 5 mm.
TL072 Car Subwoofer Filter Circuit
Here is the circuit diagram of an easy subwoofer filter that can be operated from a 12V DC supply. Such a circuit is incredibly helpful in automobile subwoofer applications. The circuit is nothing however a low pass filter whose pass frequency can be adjusted between 60 to 160 Hz.
The circuit is designed based on the TL072 dual BIFET opamp IC. Out of the two opamps inside the chip, IC1A is wired as a buffer. The left and right audio inputs when mixing is fed to the input of the IC1A using the DPDT switch S1. Switch S1 is the part control switch which can be used to create the subwoofer in part with different speakers. When S1 is in position 2, 180 degree part shift will be induced.POT R7 can be used for controlling the level. IC1B forms the low pass filter whose pass frequency can be controlled by adjusting the dual gang POT R13.
The circuit is designed based on the TL072 dual BIFET opamp IC. Out of the two opamps inside the chip, IC1A is wired as a buffer. The left and right audio inputs when mixing is fed to the input of the IC1A using the DPDT switch S1. Switch S1 is the part control switch which can be used to create the subwoofer in part with different speakers. When S1 is in position 2, 180 degree part shift will be induced.POT R7 can be used for controlling the level. IC1B forms the low pass filter whose pass frequency can be controlled by adjusting the dual gang POT R13.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
Understanding The Basic Car Audio Capacitors
The audio system in our cars is an assortment of different parts. Each and every part in the system performs a specific function. It is with the co-ordination of all the parts, that you can hear the system play those fantastic tracks as you drive along. In the entire system, car audio capacitors have a significance of their own.
What are car audio capacitors?
Car audio capacitors are basically power storages in the car. These capacitors accumulate that power which is essential for the amplifier to produce great sounds. You can hear the booming bass sounds and songs with that much needed punch only because of audio capacitors. Car audio capacitors are also known as stiffening capacitors.
More on car audio capacitors
• Audio capacitors accumulate power whenever it is not required. This power is released when the demand for power exceeds the supply capacity of the power system of the car.
• Audio capacitors are necessary to supplement the regular power supply of the car in order to ensure the smooth functioning of the amplifier. Car audio capacitors usually range from 0.5 farads to 3 farads.
• You have to install a car audio capacitor that complements your amplifier. It is also necessary to place the capacitor as near as possible to the amplifier. For 500 RMS of power output, it is necessary to have an audio capacitor of 0.5 farads.
• There are also digital audio power capacitors. These can also be installed in cars. A digital audio capacitor (usually from 1.5 farads) consists of a turn on and turn off circuitry along with a 24-volt DC.
If you car lights dim when your car audio system produces a deep bass note, then your amp will be greatly helped with a car audio capacitor.
How do I know I need A Capacitor?
Read More..
What are car audio capacitors?
Car audio capacitors are basically power storages in the car. These capacitors accumulate that power which is essential for the amplifier to produce great sounds. You can hear the booming bass sounds and songs with that much needed punch only because of audio capacitors. Car audio capacitors are also known as stiffening capacitors.
More on car audio capacitors
• Audio capacitors accumulate power whenever it is not required. This power is released when the demand for power exceeds the supply capacity of the power system of the car.
• Audio capacitors are necessary to supplement the regular power supply of the car in order to ensure the smooth functioning of the amplifier. Car audio capacitors usually range from 0.5 farads to 3 farads.
• You have to install a car audio capacitor that complements your amplifier. It is also necessary to place the capacitor as near as possible to the amplifier. For 500 RMS of power output, it is necessary to have an audio capacitor of 0.5 farads.
• There are also digital audio power capacitors. These can also be installed in cars. A digital audio capacitor (usually from 1.5 farads) consists of a turn on and turn off circuitry along with a 24-volt DC.
If you car lights dim when your car audio system produces a deep bass note, then your amp will be greatly helped with a car audio capacitor.
How do I know I need A Capacitor?
Before installation, its often difficult to predict whether or not a capacitor will be beneficial to you. Its generally best to install the audio equipment prior to making the determination, so that you can address which symptoms need to be remedied and assess the severity of the symptoms. This will not only help you decide whether or not you need a capacitor, but also how much capacitance would be beneficial.
The most common symptom in need of added capacitance is headlight dimming (and sometimes dimming of the interior/dash lights). Its caused by a drop in system voltage associated with excessive current draw. While there may indeed be several loads drawing substantial amounts of current from the electrical system (eg. heat, AC, and so forth), its usually the transient draws that best manifest themselves in noticeable dimming. This is partly because our visual systems are most sensitive to detecting rapidly changing intensity levels rather than steady absolute differences.
Once youve assessed whether or not the dimming is noticeable (and sufficiently annoying), you must decide whether a capacitor is warranted or if youd be better served by upgrading the alternator.After initially having your alternator and battery checked out (some places will do this for free), the choice should be based on the severity of the dimming.
A commonly-used estimate for determining the appropriate size capacitor is 1F/kW (one farad per kilowatt). For example, a system running at300W would need a 0.3F (or 300,000uF) capacitor. However, there are several variables at play here, including the capabilities of the vehicles electrical system (which generally varies from idle to higher RPMs), the efficiency of the amplifiers, and the listening habits of the user (ie. the tone controls and the type of music).
These factors should all be considered when making the determination. Moreover, the voltage drop can be so severe that added capacitance is nothing more than a band-aid. That is, even several Farads of capacitance would not be able to sustain the voltage for as long as the drop persists. This Is when an alternator upgrade may be in order.
How to wire a capacitor?
You can refer to a recent post on wiring Here
Sunday, August 17, 2014
4 x 46 W quad bridge car radio amplifier TDA7384A
Features
■ High output power capability:
– 4 x 46 W / 4 max.
– 4 x 27 W / 4 @ 14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %
■ Low distortion
■ Low output noise
■ Standby function
■ Mute function
■ Automute at min. supply voltage detection
■ Low external component count:
– Internally fixed gain (26 dB)
– No external compensation
– No bootstrap capacitors
■ Protections:
– Output short circuit to GND, to VS, across
the load
– Very inductive loads
– Overrating chip temperature with soft
thermal limiter
– Load dump voltage
– Fortuitous open GND
– Reversed battery
– ESD
Description
The TDA7384A is an AB class audio power amplifier, packaged in Flexiwatt 25 and designed
■ High output power capability:
– 4 x 46 W / 4 max.
– 4 x 27 W / 4 @ 14.4 V, 1 kHz, 10 %
■ Low distortion
■ Low output noise
■ Standby function
■ Mute function
■ Automute at min. supply voltage detection
■ Low external component count:
– Internally fixed gain (26 dB)
– No external compensation
– No bootstrap capacitors
■ Protections:
– Output short circuit to GND, to VS, across
the load
– Very inductive loads
– Overrating chip temperature with soft
thermal limiter
– Load dump voltage
– Fortuitous open GND
– Reversed battery
– ESD
Description
The TDA7384A is an AB class audio power amplifier, packaged in Flexiwatt 25 and designed
for high end car radio applications. Based on a fully complementary PNP/NPN configuration, the TDA7384A allows a rail to rail output voltage swing with no need of bootstrap capacitors. The extremely reduced boundary components count allows very compact sets.
Circuit Diagram
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| 4 x 46 W quad bridge car radio amplifier |
Wednesday, August 13, 2014
TDA2003 Car Audio Amplifier
A simple low power car stereo amplifier circuit based on TDA 2003 is shown here. The circuit uses low-cost, readily offered parts and its very simple to construct. TDA2003 is an integrated car radio amplifier from ST Micro electronics that contains a lot of excellent features like short circuit protection for all pins, thermal over range low harmonic distortion, low cross over distortion etc.
In the circuit given here every TDA2003 is wired as a mono amplifier operating from a 12V supply. Resistors R2 and R3 forms a feedback network that sets the amplifiers gain. C7 is the input DC de-coupling capacitor and C5 couples the speaker to the amplifiers output. C4 is employed for improving the ripple rejection while C1 and C2 are employed for power supply filtering. C3 and R1 are used for setting the higher frequency cut-off. Network comprising of C6 and R4 is employed for frequency stabilization and to stop oscillation.
In the circuit given here every TDA2003 is wired as a mono amplifier operating from a 12V supply. Resistors R2 and R3 forms a feedback network that sets the amplifiers gain. C7 is the input DC de-coupling capacitor and C5 couples the speaker to the amplifiers output. C4 is employed for improving the ripple rejection while C1 and C2 are employed for power supply filtering. C3 and R1 are used for setting the higher frequency cut-off. Network comprising of C6 and R4 is employed for frequency stabilization and to stop oscillation.
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